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Post-Impressionism

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Post Impressionism Notes

  • The Post Impressionists were a few independent artists at the end of the 19th century who rebelled against the limitations of Impressionism to develop a range of personal styles that influenced the development of art in the 20th century.
  • The art of Paul Gauguin was a major influence in the development of Fauvism
  • The art of Vincent Van Gogh was an influence on Expressionism in the 20th century.
  • The art of Paul Cézanne was an influence on the Cubists at the start of the 20th century.
  • The analytical method of Seurat's Pointillism influenced those artists who adopted more calculated approach to painting, particularly in the development of abstract art.

Cubism

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Cubism Notes
  • Cubism was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
  • Cubism was the first abstract style of modern art.
  • A Cubist painting ignores the traditions of perspective drawing and shows you many views of a subject at one time.
  • The Cubists introduced collage into painting.
  • The Cubists were influenced by art from other cultures, particularly African masks.
  • There are two distinct phases of the Cubist Style: Analytical Cubism (pre 1912) and Synthetic Cubism (post 1912)
  • Cubism influenced many other styles of modern art including Orphism, Futurism, Vorticism, Suprematism, Constructivism and Expressionism.

Impressionism

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Impressionism Notes

  • The name 'Impressionism' comes from a sarcastic review by Louis Leroy of Monet's painting, 'Impression, Sunrise' (1873).
  • Impressionism was a style of painting that used a more scientific analysis of colour to capture the effects of light in nature.
  • The main artists associated with Impressionism were Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley and Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec.
  • The Impressionists painted with small strokes of pure colours which mixed in the eye of the spectator when viewed from a distance.
  • The Impressionists were the first group of artists to embrace painting 'en plein air' (painting outside).
  • The Impressionists had to paint quickly to capture the atmosphere of a particular time of day or the effects of different weather conditions on the landscape.
  • The speed of the Impressionists' painting technique forced them to sacrifice accurate line and detail in favour of atmospheric effect.
  • The subject most suited to the Impressionist technique was landscape, but they also painted portraits, still lifes and figure compositions.
  • Impressionist compositions were strongly influenced by the development of photography and the discovery of Japanese woodcuts.
  • Impressionism is now seen as the first movement in modern art, and had a huge influence on the development of art in the 20th century.

Fauvism

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Fauvism Notes

  • Fauvism was a style of painting developed in France at the beginning of the 20th century by Henri Matisse and André Derain.
  • The artists who painted in this style were known as 'Les Fauves'.
  • The title 'Les Fauves' (the wild beasts) came from a sarcastic remark by the art critic Louis Vauxcelles.
  • Les Fauves believed that colour should be used to express the artist's feelings about a subject, rather than simply to describe what it looks like.
  • Fauvist paintings have two main characteristics: simplified drawing and exaggerated colour.
  • Les Fauves were a great influence on the German Expressionists.

Fauvism

Painting in the style of.....Helen Frankenhaler

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